![]() ![]() Students are also expected to have covered the “morphological versus molecular tree” debate in which themes such as convergent evolution and homology are reinforced. Undergraduates in most biology programs across the United States are usually introduced to phylogenetics early in their introductory coursework with technical terms such as “monophyly,” “parsimony,” and “synapomorphy/symplesiomorphy” becoming staple terms in their vocabulary by the end of their freshman year. The discipline plays a central role in the understanding of modern evolutionary theory but also extends to other fields such as DNA barcoding, phylogeography, and conservation biology ( Avise, 1989 Hajibabaei et al., 2007). Phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships of individual species and groups ( Nei & Kumar, 2000). ![]()
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